Definition:

Bad debt is an accounts receivable that is unlikely to be collected in full or at all. It is also known as uncollectible accounts or non-payment accounts.

Causes:

• Customers who are unable to pay: Customers may be unable to pay their debts due to financial difficulties, job loss, or other circumstances.
• Poor collection practices: Ineffective collection methods, such as lack of follow-up or inadequate communication, can lead to bad debt.
• Industry factors: Certain industries, such as retail and hospitality, have higher bad debt rates due to their nature of business.
• Economic factors: Economic downturns or rising inflation can increase bad debt.
• Fraud: Fraudulent activities can lead to bad debt.

Types of Bad Debt:

• Current accounts: Accounts that are overdue but still within the current billing cycle.
• Overdue accounts: Accounts that are past due but not yet delinquent.
• Delinquent accounts: Accounts that are more than a certain number of days overdue.
• Uncollectible accounts: Accounts that are unlikely to be collected in full or at all.

Impact:

• Financial loss: Bad debt reduces revenue and cash flow, impacting profitability and cash management.
• Interest expense: Banks and creditors charge interest on bad debt, which adds to the total cost.
• Account closure: Uncollectible accounts can lead to account closure, which can further impact credit score and access to credit.
• Damage to credit score: Bad debt can damage credit score, making it harder to obtain credit in the future.
• Increased collection costs: Managing bad debt incurs additional costs, such as collection agency fees.

Management:

• Debt collection: Employing effective collection methods to pursue unpaid debts.
• Credit control: Implementing credit control measures to prevent bad debt from occurring.
• Write-offs: Recording accounts as uncollectible and writing them off as bad debt.
• Bad debt management strategies: Developing strategies to minimize bad debt, such as offering payment plans or negotiating settlements.