Commodity Swap

A commodity swap is a type of over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contract that exchanges the payments for the delivery of one commodity for the payments for the delivery of another commodity.

How Commodity Swaps Work:

1. Underlying Commodities: Two commodities are selected as the underlying assets for the swap.
2. Notional Amount: A notional amount, typically in millions of dollars, is established.
3. Cash Flows: Payments are exchanged based on the agreed-upon price of the underlying commodities.
4. Price Fluctuations: The payments are adjusted according to the fluctuations in the prices of the underlying commodities.
5. Maturity Date: The swap typically matures on a specified date, at which the final payments are made.

Key Features:

• Exchange of Commodities: Swaps involve the exchange of payments for two different commodities.
• Over-the-Counter: Commodity swaps are traded privately between two parties over the counter.
• Hedging and Speculation: Swaps can be used for hedging against commodity price fluctuations or speculating on price movements.
• Different Commodity Types: Swaps can be based on various commodities, including oil, gold, wheat, and foreign currencies.
• Customizable: Swaps can be customized to meet specific needs and risk profiles.

Types of Commodity Swaps:

• Plain Commodity Swaps: Exchange payments based on the spot price of the underlying commodities.
• Basis Swaps: Exchange payments based on the difference between the spot price and a benchmark price.
• Indexed Swaps: Exchange payments based on an index of commodity prices.

Uses:

• Hedging against commodity price fluctuations.
• Speculating on commodity prices.
• Gaining exposure to commodity markets.
• Diversifying a portfolio.

Examples:

• A company hedges against rising oil prices by entering into a swap to exchange payments for Brent oil for a set price.
• An investor speculates on the price of gold by entering into a swap to exchange payments for gold for a set price.
• A trader gains exposure to the agricultural commodity market by entering into a swap to exchange payments for wheat.