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Convertible Debenture

Convertible Debenture

A convertible debenture is a type of debt security that can be converted into common stock at a specified price, known as the conversion ratio. It is a hybrid security that has characteristics of both debt and equity securities.

Key Features of Convertible Debentures:

  • Debt: Convertible debentures are technically debt securities, so they are not eligible for dividends as common stock. However, they do accrue interest at a specified rate.
  • Equity: If the debenture holder exercises the conversion option, it can be converted into common stock. The number of common shares received is based on the conversion ratio.
  • Conversion Ratio: A fixed ratio that determines the number of common shares that can be received for each debenture.
  • Conversion Privilege: Converts into common stock at a specified price.
  • Maturity Date: A specific date on which the debenture matures and the holder has the option to convert it into common stock.
  • Interest Rate: Pays interest at a specified rate.

Advantages for Investors:

  • Potential for High Returns: If the convertible debenture is converted into common stock, investors can potentially receive a higher return on their investment than the interest rate paid on the debenture.
  • Participation in Company Growth: Convertible debentures can give investors the opportunity to participate in the growth of a company, as they can be converted into common stock.

Disadvantages for Investors:

  • Risk of Dilution: If the company issues additional common stock, it can dilute the value of existing common stock, including the convertible debentures.
  • Lack of Dividends: Convertible debentures do not entitle holders to dividends as common stock.
  • Limited Liquidity: Convertible debentures may have lower liquidity than common stock, making it difficult to sell them.

Advantages for Companies:

  • Access to Capital: Convertible debentures can provide companies with access to additional capital without issuing new common stock.
  • Lower Interest Costs: Convertible debentures can cost less to issue than traditional debt securities.

Disadvantages for Companies:

  • Potential Dilution: If the debentures are converted into common stock, it can dilute the company’s ownership and control.
  • Higher Interest Expense: If the debentures are not converted, the company will have to pay interest on them.

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