Definition:

A deposition is a legal document that is created when a witness gives testimony outside of court under oath. It is typically used in civil or criminal cases where the witness is unable to attend trial or is too frail to testify in person.

Purpose:

• Preservation of testimony: Depositions preserve the testimony of witnesses for future use in court.
• Convenience: Depositions can be taken at a time and place convenient for the witness, reducing the need for them to travel to court.
• Facilitation of settlement: Depositions can be used to facilitate settlement negotiations, as they provide a clear record of the witness’s testimony.
• Trial preparation: Depositions can be used for trial preparation, allowing attorneys to familiarize themselves with the witness’s testimony and identify potential areas of conflict.

Procedure:

1. Notice: The attorney representing the party requesting the deposition schedules the witness and issues a notice of deposition.
2. Setting: The deposition takes place in a neutral location, such as an attorney’s office or a court reporting agency.
3. Oath: The witness is sworn in by the court reporter or notary public.
4. Questions: The attorney who requested the deposition asks questions of the witness.
5. Answers: The witness answers the questions in the order they are asked.
6. Recording: The court reporter records the testimony on a transcript.
7. Signing: The witness signs the transcript as an acknowledgment that they have read and agreed to the testimony.

Types of Depositions:

• Fact deposition: A deposition that focuses primarily on factual issues, such as the witness’s personal information, employment history, and events related to the case.
• Expert deposition: A deposition of an expert witness, who provides testimony about their opinion and analysis related to the case.
• Deposition upon written questions: A deposition where the attorney presents written questions to the witness, and the witness answers in writing.
• Remote deposition: A deposition conducted via video conferencing or other remote technology.

Additional Notes:

• Depositions can be taken in any jurisdiction, but they are most common in the United States.
• The testimony in a deposition is not binding on the witness at trial, but it can be used as evidence against them if they fail to testify at trial.
• Depositions are typically used in complex cases where the witness is unable to attend trial or is