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Estoppel
Estoppel
Estoppel is a legal principle that prohibits a person from making a statement that contradicts a previous statement made in a previous court case or transaction.
Elements of Estoppel:
- Prior statement: The person must have made a prior statement that is contradicted by the current statement.
- Contradictory statement: The current statement must contradict the prior statement.
- Knowledge: The person must have knowledge of the prior statement at the time of making the contradictory statement.
- Intent to deceive: The person must have intended to deceive the other party by making the contradictory statement.
Types of Estoppel:
- Express estoppel: Occurs when a party explicitly states something that contradicts a prior statement.
- Implied estoppel: Occurs when a party acts in a way that is inconsistent with a prior statement, even though they have not explicitly stated it.
- Constructive estoppel: Occurs when a party is put on notice of a prior statement and fails to act in accordance with it.
Examples:
- A plaintiff testified in a previous case that the defendant was not negligent.
- In a subsequent case, the plaintiff makes a statement that contradicts the prior testimony.
- The defendant can use estoppel to argue that the plaintiff is estopped from making the new statement.
Purpose of Estoppel:
- To prevent inconsistency and fraud.
- To protect the integrity of judicial proceedings and transactions.
- To prevent parties from changing their positions based on their own convenience.
Additional Notes:
- Estoppel is a general legal principle, and the specific rules may vary depending on jurisdiction.
- There are exceptions to the rule of estoppel, such as statements made in good faith or where there has been a significant change in circumstances.
- Estoppel can be a complex legal concept, and it is important to seek legal advice if you have any questions or concerns.