Primary Deficit: A primary deficit occurs when the government’s expenditures exceed its revenues. This means that the government is spending more money than it is taking in, and it must borrow money from the private sector to cover the shortfall. Causes of Primary Deficit: High spending: Government spending increases due to factors such as social […]

Bureaucracy Bureaucracy is a complex and multifaceted concept, often referred to as the “politics of administration.” It refers to the organizational structures, rules, procedures, and processes that govern public and private institutions. Key Features of Bureaucracy: Organizational Structure: Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by their hierarchical structure, divided into various departments or agencies. Rules and Procedures: […]