Definition:

Raw materials are natural substances that are used as inputs in the production of finished goods and products. They are usually extracted from the earth or obtained from living organisms.

Types of Raw Materials:

• Metallic ores: Minerals that contain valuable metals, such as copper, gold, iron, and aluminum.
• Non-metallic minerals: Minerals that do not contain metals, such as quartz, limestone, and abrasives.
• Wood: Trees and timber used for lumber, paper, furniture, and construction.
• Textile fibers: Natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, and hemp, used for textiles.
• Fuels: Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, used for energy generation.
• Chemicals: Minerals and chemicals used in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products.
• Other materials: Natural substances, such as water, salt, and sand, used in various industries.

Examples of Raw Materials:

• Iron ore (iron)
• Copper ore (copper)
• Gold ore (gold)
• Limestone (calcium)
• Sand (silicon)
• Coal (fuel)
• Oil (fuel)
• Cotton (fiber)
• Wool (fiber)
• Wood (timber)

Uses of Raw Materials:

• Production of finished goods and products
• Construction and infrastructure
• Energy production
• Transportation
• Electronics
• Manufacturing
• Pharmaceuticals

Factors Affecting Raw Material Demand:

• Economic growth
• Industrialization
• Population growth
• Technological advancements
• Environmental factors
• Geopolitical factors

Note:

Raw materials are an essential part of the production process. They are the foundation for many industries and are crucial for the creation of products that meet human needs and desires.