Rebalancing is a process of adjusting an investment portfolio to maintain its target asset allocation. It involves selling assets that have exceeded their target allocation and purchasing assets that have underperformed, in order to bring the portfolio back into alignment with its stated objectives.

Purpose of Rebalancing:

• Maintain target asset allocation: Rebalancing helps to ensure that the asset allocation of the portfolio remains within its target range, which is essential for achieving its investment goals.
• Reduce risk: When assets deviate from their target allocation, the portfolio’s overall risk may increase. Rebalancing helps to mitigate this risk by bringing the portfolio back into balance.
• Adjust for market fluctuations: Market conditions can cause the value of assets to fluctuate, leading to deviations from the target allocation. Rebalancing helps to smooth out these fluctuations.
• Realign with investment objectives: Over time, the investment objectives of a portfolio may change. Rebalancing allows for adjustments to the asset allocation to align with new objectives.

Types of Rebalancing:

• Systematic rebalancing: Follows a predetermined schedule for rebalancing, such as annually or quarterly.
• Ad-hoc rebalancing: Performed when there is a significant deviation from the target allocation or market conditions warrant it.
• Event-driven rebalancing: Triggered by specific events, such as a major market event or the retirement of a key investor.

Factors to Consider:

• Frequency of rebalancing: The frequency of rebalancing depends on the investor’s risk tolerance, market volatility, and the complexity of the portfolio.
• Cost of rebalancing: Transaction costs and other expenses associated with rebalancing should be considered.
• Tax implications: Rebalancing may trigger capital gains or losses, which should be factored into the overall cost.
• Investment horizon: The investment horizon and the investor’s time frame for achieving their goals should influence the rebalancing frequency.

Example:

If a portfolio has a target asset allocation of 20% in stocks and 80% in bonds, and the actual allocation has shifted to 25% in stocks and 75% in bonds due to market fluctuations, rebalancing would involve selling some bonds and purchasing stocks to bring the portfolio back into alignment with its target allocation.