ECONOMY
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study and collecting of coins, as well as other forms of currency. It is a specialized field within numismatic science that focuses on coin production, distribution, and usage. Key topics in numismatics: Coin identification: Classifying coins based on their design, mint mark, date, and other identifying features. Coin grading: Evaluating the condition […]
Liquidity Adjustment Facility
Sure, here’s the explanation for the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF): Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) The LAF is a tool used by the central bank to influence short-term interest rates and liquidity conditions in the banking system. It allows banks to borrow or lend excess liquidity, depending on their needs, through a repurchase agreement with the […]
Business Cycle
The business cycle is a long-term fluctuations of economic activity characterized by periods of growth, contraction, and recovery. It is a series of alternating periods of economic expansion and contraction, generally occurring over a period of five to ten years. Key phases of the business cycle: 1. Expansion:– characterized by growth in GDP, employment, and […]
Budget Deficit
Definition: A budget deficit occurs when the government’s expenditures exceed its revenues. In other words, the government spends more money than it takes in. Causes: Increased spending: Higher government spending on programs such as social security, defense, or infrastructure. Decreased revenue: Lower tax revenue or other sources of income. Economic factors: Economic growth, inflation, and […]
Scalar Chain
A scalar chain is a sequence of scalar values arranged in a particular order. Each scalar value is associated with a specific point on a chain and is represented by a scalar variable. The scalar variables are related to each other by a scalar relationship. Key Features of Scalar Chains: Sequenced: Scalar values are arranged […]
Devaluation
Definition: Devaluation is the process of reducing the value of something, typically a currency, a security, or a commodity. It can occur through various factors, including economic instability, rising inflation, and changes in supply and demand. Causes: Economic instability: When an economy is experiencing economic instability, such as high inflation or deflation, the value of […]
Marxism
Marxism is a theory of social organization based on the principles of historical materialism and the theory of the proletariat. It proposes that the history of human societies is a struggle between two fundamental classes: the proletariat (the working class) and the bourgeoisie (the owning class). Key principles of Marxism: Historical materialism: Marx believed that […]
Epfigms
Epigms are non-inheritable physical characteristics that are acquired through learning, training, or habit. Examples of epigms include learned motor skills, language skills, and habits.
Key Performance Indicator
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) A key performance indicator (KPI) is a quantifiable measure that track progress towards achieving a specific goal or objective. KPIs are used to monitor and evaluate performance across various areas of a business, including: Types of KPIs: Financial: Revenue, profitability, asset utilization, market share Operational: Customer satisfaction, product quality, efficiency, on-time […]
Bretton Woods
The Bretton Woods Agreement was a set of monetary arrangements established at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. It was designed to stabilize exchange rates, reduce trade barriers, and promote economic growth. Key Features of the Bretton Woods Agreement: Fixed Exchange Rates: The agreement established a fixed exchange rate system, with the US dollar as the […]
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