Definition:

Unbanked refers to individuals who do not have access to mainstream banking services or do not use them. They typically have low credit scores or are excluded from traditional banking systems due to factors such as lack of documentation, income instability, or a history of financial mismanagement.

Characteristics:

• Lack of access to traditional banking services: Unbanked individuals do not have a bank account, credit card, or other financial products offered by banks.
• Limited access to financial products: Unbanked individuals often face limited access to loans, savings accounts, and other financial products.
• High financial exclusion: Unbanked individuals are often excluded from mainstream financial systems, making it difficult for them to access credit, build credit, and participate in the financial system.
• High cost of borrowing: Unbanked individuals often resort to high-cost borrowing options, such as payday loans, which can trap them in a cycle of debt.
• Cash-dependent: Unbanked individuals often rely on cash for transactions, making it difficult to track their spending and save money.
• Lack of financial literacy: Unbanked individuals often lack financial literacy skills, making it difficult for them to manage money effectively.

Causes:

• Low credit scores: Having a low credit score can make it difficult to qualify for traditional banking services.
• Lack of documentation: Unbanked individuals may not have the required documentation, such as a driver’s license or proof of residency.
• Income instability: Individuals with unstable income or a history of unemployment may be excluded from traditional banks.
• Limited access to branches: Some unbanked individuals may live in areas where there are no bank branches nearby.
• Discrimination: In some cases, individuals may be excluded from banks due to their race, gender, or other factors.

Impact:

• Social exclusion: Unbanked individuals can face social exclusion, as they may not be able to participate in activities that require access to financial services.
• Limited opportunities: Unbanked individuals may have limited opportunities for employment, housing, and credit building.
• Economic hardship: Unbanked individuals are more likely to experience economic hardship, as they may not have access to affordable loans or savings accounts.