Definition:

Underweight refers to a condition where a person’s body mass index (BMI) is below the normal range for their height and age. A BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight.

Causes:

• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as anorexia nervosa, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS, can lead to weight loss.
• Dietary factors: Poor nutrition, restrictive eating habits, and excessive calorie deficit can cause weight loss.
• Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics and antidepressants, can cause weight loss.
• Certain medications: Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal can also lead to weight loss.
• Stress: Chronic stress can lead to weight loss.
• Age: Older adults may naturally lose weight due to decreased metabolism and hormonal changes.

Symptoms:

• Extreme fatigue
• Irritability
• Dry skin
• Brittle hair
• Poor appetite
• Weight loss with no obvious cause
• Feeling cold
• Low self-esteem

Health Risks:

• Nutritional deficiencies: Underweight individuals are at risk for nutritional deficiencies, such as iron deficiency anemia, potassium deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency.
• Health problems: Underweight people are at an increased risk for health problems, such as osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
• Social isolation: Underweight individuals may experience social isolation and exclusion.

Treatment:

• Medical consultation: It is important to consult with a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions causing weight loss.
• Nutrition therapy: A registered dietitian can help develop a healthy eating plan and address any nutritional deficiencies.
• Weight gain medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to increase appetite and promote weight gain.
• Behavioral therapy: Therapy can help address underlying emotional factors that may be contributing to underweight status.
• Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress, can help weight gain.

Prevention:

• Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
• Get regular exercise.
• Manage stress.
• Get enough sleep.
• Seek professional help if you are concerned about your weight or have experienced significant weight loss without medical cause.