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Underweight
Definition:
Underweight refers to a condition where a person’s body mass index (BMI) is below the normal range for their height and age. A BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight.
Causes:
- Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as anorexia nervosa, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS, can lead to weight loss.
- Dietary factors: Poor nutrition, restrictive eating habits, and excessive calorie deficit can cause weight loss.
- Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics and antidepressants, can cause weight loss.
- Certain medications: Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal can also lead to weight loss.
- Stress: Chronic stress can lead to weight loss.
- Age: Older adults may naturally lose weight due to decreased metabolism and hormonal changes.
Symptoms:
- Extreme fatigue
- Irritability
- Dry skin
- Brittle hair
- Poor appetite
- Weight loss with no obvious cause
- Feeling cold
- Low self-esteem
Health Risks:
- Nutritional deficiencies: Underweight individuals are at risk for nutritional deficiencies, such as iron deficiency anemia, potassium deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency.
- Health problems: Underweight people are at an increased risk for health problems, such as osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
- Social isolation: Underweight individuals may experience social isolation and exclusion.
Treatment:
- Medical consultation: It is important to consult with a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions causing weight loss.
- Nutrition therapy: A registered dietitian can help develop a healthy eating plan and address any nutritional deficiencies.
- Weight gain medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to increase appetite and promote weight gain.
- Behavioral therapy: Therapy can help address underlying emotional factors that may be contributing to underweight status.
- Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress, can help weight gain.
Prevention:
- Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
- Get regular exercise.
- Manage stress.
- Get enough sleep.
- Seek professional help if you are concerned about your weight or have experienced significant weight loss without medical cause.